Cawley J R, Wright Z M, Meleo K, Post G S, Clifford C A (2020) Concurrent use of rabacfosadine and L-asparaginase for relapsed or refractory multicentric lymphoma in dogs.Stein L, Bacmeister C, Kiupel M (2021) Immunophenotypic Characterization of Canine Nodal T-Zone Lymphoma.Hughes K L, Ehrhart E J, Rout E D, Harris L J, Fernandez M (2021) Diffuse Small B-Cell Lymphoma: A High-Grade Malignancy.Henriques J, Felisberto R, Constantino-Casas F, Cabeçadas J, Dobson J (2021) Peripheral blood cell ratios as prognostic factors in canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with CHOP protocol.Benjamin S E, Sorenmo K U, Krick E L, Salah P, Walsh K A et al (2021) Response-based modification of CHOP chemotherapy for canine B-cell lymphoma.Aresu L, Agnoli C, Nicoletti A, Fanelli A, Martini V (2021) Phenotypical Characterization and Clinical Outcome of Canine Burkitt-Like Lymphoma.Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.Months to years of survival for indolent lymphomas (with the exception of nodal marginal zone lymphoma) sometimes even without treatment.įurther Reading Publications Refereed papers.Rapidly fatal (4-6 weeks) without treatment for intermediate/high grade.Paraneoplastic effects Neoplasia: paraneoplastic disease, eg hypercalcemia Hypercalcemia: overview (reported in 10-40% of dogs with lymphoma, most common with mediastinal form and T immunophenotype), immune-mediated thrombocytopenia Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, anemia.Small cell T-cell tumors can be very indolent with long term survival. All large cell T cell tumors should be treated as highly malignant and carry a poor prognosis.T cell tumors have a worse prognosis and poorer survival than B cell tumors.60-80% are B cell origin, 10-38% T cell, 22% mixed B and T cell, Can be due to malignant proliferation of B, T cell lines, or NK cells.Rarer extranodal forms include for example renal, CNS, ocular, hepatosplenic, intravascular. Most common anatomic form, in order of decreasing prevalence: multicentric (80% of dogs with lymphoma), gastrointestinal, mediastinal, cutaneous.Malignant proliferation of lymphoid cells arising in any area containing lymphoid tissue → focal or diffuse masses in intestine, skin, thymus or lymph nodes → may progress to extranodal sites, eg liver, spleen, bone marrow.Impaired immune function is associated with higher risk of developing lymphoma.Environmental factors (none definitively proven): herbicides (2,4-D), use of chemicals (paint or solvents), use of pesticides, exposure to strong magnetic fields, exposure to tobacco smoke, proximity to environmental waste.Genetic and molecular factors: gain of canine chromosomes 13 and 31, loss of chromosome 14, increase in in duration of first remission and overall survival time in dogs with trisomy 13, germline and somatic genetic mutations as well as altered oncogene/tumor suppressor gene expression have been reported in dogs.Print off the owner factsheet on Canine lymphoma to give to your client. Prognosis: poor if no treatment for intermediate/high grade. Fair for indolent lymphomas.Bone marrow transplantation. Immunotherapy is under development. Radiation therapy can be used for consolidation of tumor following chemotherapy (eg half body radiation therapy). Treatment: cytotoxic drugs, surgery or radiation therapy can be used to treat localized problematic masses.Biopsy can be used to better define histologic variants and guide therapy and prognosis. Flow cytometry and PARR can help further with definitive diagnosis. Diagnosis: fine needle aspirate and cytology.Multicentric usually presents feeling well and owners notice 'lumps under jaw'. Signs: depend on form, eg malaise, polydipsia, polyuria, respiratory distress, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation.Forms: multicentric, thymic, alimentary, cutaneous, CNS, hepatic, renal and others. Can be intermediate/high grade or indolent.Most common hemopoietic neoplasm, 7-24% of all canine malignant neoplasms, 83% of all canine hematopoietic malignancies.Definition: neoplasm arising from lymphoid tissues, in any area of the body.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |